提问：无线电爱好者分析俄乌战争最初24小时俄军通迅，总结俄军快速突袭不顺的原因是通讯不顺，燃料用完，缺乏空中支援。爱好者迷惑为啥俄军这么爱用公开通讯频率，以致有ham的人都能监听俄军通讯。

We analyzed dozens of battlefield radio transmissions between Russian forces in Ukraine during the initial invasion of Makariv, a town outside Kyiv. They reveal an army struggling with logistical problems and communication failures:
nytimes.com
Video: Under Fire, Out of Fuel, No Air Support: What Intercepted Russian Radio Chatter Reveals
The Times’s Visual Investigations team analyzed dozens of battlefield radio transmissions between Russian forces during an initial invasion of

2/27清晨，俄军进入Makariv， 我们听到战场信息的交流和更新，他们公开的谈论作战计划，比如“给我所有的坐标，让我们开始攻击，我要把他们炸成碎片，这些***。 以及不断重复的要求在”财产“被移走后对整个居民区进行覆盖。

The language is often raw. In this transmission, an intention to strike is disclosed. “Give me all the coordinates, let's make strikes. We'll [expletive] blow them apart into pieces, these [expletive] [expletive]. Over.”

In another transmission, we hear the repeated order to cover the entire residential neighbourhood with artillery after the “property” (хозяйство) has been removed — a likely codeword for Russian personnel or equipment. This could be a war crime.

在电台上他们很少谈论对平民的攻击，他们经常谈论自己的损失。Makariv作战的俄军遇到猛烈的阻击，语言中士兵情绪低落。他们还看到天上的无人机和随之而来来自四面八方的攻击。

What's interesting to note is that —outside of the “cover the residential neighbourhood with artillery”— we haven't noted Russian units discussing these incidents with civilians on the radio. Instead, we hear them talking about their own losses.

Russian troops in Makariv were met with fierce resistance and took significant losses. This transmission captures a frantic dispatch of a unit under attack. The voice is in clear distress.

The Russian unit also spotted a likely Ukrainian drone over the area while they were “under fire from all directions.” Later that evening, a video was released showing a Bayraktar drone strike, which we geolocated the video to northern Makariv.

在这一些交谈中我们还听到呼叫空中支援失败。面对伤亡不断增加的战局，通讯不利，三十分钟后地面部队开始咒骂，你忘了空中支援！你**忘了！ 另一方面我们听到很多类似“抛锚在路上了，我需要紧急加油”，“我需要油，水，食物！”的信息。

In this series of exchanges, we hear how comms failures delay urgent requests for Russian air support amid mounting casualties. Thirty minutes after the unit requested help: “You forgot about air support, [expletive] air support! You forgot!”

The radio chatter is full of Russian troops who lack critical supplies, too. Two examples:

“I urgently need refueling, water, and food.”

“Vehicles stalling in the road. Urgently need fuel.”

——请问，难道这是俄军快要崩溃了的征兆吗？

回答：俄军目前在战场上，也不是说快要崩溃，前期是轻敌，现在应该好多了 。

前期俄军在当地就地征粮是事实，大队车辆公然停在公路上也是事实。最近的多日停顿也不完全是技术性调整。

前期切尔尼戈夫、苏梅方向插进去的部队准备不足缺粮缺水，运输线不断遭受袭扰也是事实，不过俄军情况目前来看，并不特别显示出什么败绩，毕竟乌克兰地形非常有利，前期是前期，现在经过两周的调整部署，情况已经有所扭转。

总之对照着其他已知战场信息自己判读呗。不要轻信任何一边的消息，两边能重叠吻合的才是靠谱的。

说到通信信号暴露，这也是本次俄军高级军官损失增多的主要原因。他们的通信系统，都是用个民用台代替吼进行简单指挥，还真以为现在是二战时期呢。一方面也能感受到，俄罗斯电子工业已经拉胯了，而且看不出有好转的可能，据称他们的密级军用手持台一上战场也是各种问题频出，根本不耐糙，何况现在用的民用版。