高血糖负荷的饮食和高饱和脂肪的饮食跟认知衰退有关联,这方面有不少的证据。
● 高饱和脂肪的食物 ●
在对青年、中年和老年人群的调查中都发现,摄入较多的饱和脂肪与较差的认知能力有关,随年龄增长带来的认知下降发展得更快,痴呆和阿尔茨海默病风险也更高。 [1-3]
(痴呆[dementia]是一种疾病,阿尔茨海默病[Alzheimer’s disease] 是引起痴呆最常见的原因,也是最常见的老年阶段的痴呆疾病)
而膳食脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸占比较高的人,整体认知功能较好,记忆障碍风险较低,阿尔兹海默病风险也更低。[4-6]
此外,还有研究发现脂肪占比非常高的饮食(脂肪供能占75%)对记忆力、注意力和情绪有急性的影响,健康的年轻男性吃这种饮食仅5天后就出现注意力下降的问题。[ 7 ](生酮饮食的朋友们注意啦!)
● 高血糖负荷的食物 ●
也有不少研究发现高血糖负荷的饮食跟认知能力受损有关。[8-9]血糖高本身就会对脑部健康造成影响。
比如一项对5,189 人进行了10 年的跟踪调查发现,血糖高的人比正常血糖的人认知能力下降的速度更快,无论他们的血糖水平有没有达到糖尿病的标准都会这样。
除了长期影响,也有急性影响。研究发现高血糖负荷的一餐就会让儿童和健康年轻人的在餐后出现记忆力下降. [ 11-12 ]
所以说你如果马上要去重要的、需要用脑的场合(比如考试),最好不要大吃甜点、饼干、含糖饮料这些。
参考资料:
[1]Beilharz, J.E.; Maniam, J.; Morris, M.J. Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits: The Role of Fat and Sugar, Potential Mechanisms and Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2015, 7, 6719-6738.
[2]Eskelinen, M.H.; Ngandu, T.; Helkala, E.L.; Tuomilehto, J.; Nissinen, A.; Soininen, H.; Kivipelto, M. Fat intake at midlife and cognitive impairment later in life: A population-based caide study. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2008, 23, 741–747.
[3]Okereke, O.I.; Rosner, B.A.; Kim, D.H.; Kang, J.H.; Cook, N.R.; Manson, J.E.; Buring, J.E.; Willett, W.C.; Grodstein, F. Dietary fat types and 4-year cognitive change in community-dwelling older women. Ann. Neurol. 2012, 72, 124–134.
[4]Devore, E.E.; Grodstein, F.; van Rooij, F.J.; Hofman, A.; Rosner, B.; Stampfer, M.J.; Witteman, J.C.; Breteler, M.M. Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 90, 170–176.
[5] Kalmijn, S.; van Boxtel, M.P.; Ocke, M.; Verschuren, W.M.; Kromhout, D.; Launer, L.J. Dietary intake of fatty acids and fish in relation to cognitive performance at middle age. Neurology 2004, 62, 275–280.
[6]Morris, M.C.; Evans, D.A.; Bienias, J.L.; Tangney, C.C.; Wilson, R.S. Dietary fat intake and 6-year cognitive change in an older biracial community population. Neurology 2004, 62, 1573–1579.
[7]Holloway, C.J.; Cochlin, L.E.; Emmanuel, Y.; Murray, A.; Codreanu, I.; Edwards, L.M.; Szmigielski, C.; Tyler, D.J.; Knight, N.S.; Saxby, B.K.; et al. A high-fat diet impairs cardiac high-energy phosphate metabolism and cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 93, 748–755.
[8]Chong CP, Shahar S, Haron H, Din NC. Habitual sugar intake and cognitive impairment among multi-ethnic Malaysian older adults. [9]Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1331-1342. Published 2019 Jul 22.
Barnes JN, Joyner MJ. Sugar highs and lows: the impact of diet on cognitive function. J Physiol. 2012;590(12):2831.
[11]Micha, R.; Rogers, P.J.; Nelson, M. Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of breakfast predict cognitive function and mood in school children: A randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Nutr. 2011, 106, 1552–1561.
[12]Nabb, S.; Benton, D. The influence on cognition of the interaction between the macro-nutrient content of breakfast and glucose tolerance. Physiol. Behav. 2006, 87, 16–23.
发布于 北京
