有点不同意见。

一个名词解释，“既也还要”，意思是“既要也要还要”。
是指充分考虑到事实和客观规律，从实际出发提出各种要求。
需要注意的是，充分考虑的是全局的事实和客观规律，
然后向地方与基层的治理人员提出要求，
需要兼顾“既要也要还要”的目标，这些目标彼此之间具有对称优先级。

作为一种行政手段，这是自上而下的放权又限制，维持平衡。
亦即，每一个目标并不必然要求100%达到，事实上也不可能100%达到，
但漏了一个“也要还要”，就可能是80%与0%的区别。

我相信，行政学专业或公共管理专业出身的人可能更容易理解和接受以上这些。正是“相互冲突的绩效目标迫使执行官员权衡利弊，避免走极端”。只是，多省份地区内部差异化大，不同地区“权衡”以后的结果并不尽相同。

抄一段话，出自论文：Hongshen Zhu,CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT IN CHINA: MANAGING POLICY TRADEOFFS,2022。
“During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide faced the choice between costly social restrictions and overwhelmed public health systems. In China, How to constrain agents while giving them enough power? This paper shows that conflicting goals force agents to balance tradeoffs and avoid extremes. A subset of officials, in cities subject to a high-profile poverty elimination target, had to mediate between pandemic control and economic costs of lockdowns. Applying a difference-in-differences design with original datasets of daily intra-city mobility during China’s 2020 COVID-19 epidemic and poverty elimination, my empirical analyses find that cities balancing both poverty elimination and pandemic control mitigated their COVID-19 lockdowns by approximately 40 percent.” #科学人医疗社会史# #科学人生命科学史# #科学人冷战科学史#