汉服（Han clothing)

中国汉族的传统服饰，又称“华夏衣冠”或“华服”。汉服是从黄帝即位到公元17世纪中叶（明末清初），在汉族的主要居住区，以华夏礼仪文化为中心，明显区别于其他民族的传统服装和配饰体系。古代汉服上衣下裳，衣领右衽的特点在商代已基本确立。几经朝代更迭，汉服也在不断变化发展，春秋时期深衣出现，将以前各自独立的上衣下裳合二为一。汉服也体现了阶级差别，身份越高的人汉服愈加华美，贵族的衣服往往有宽袖长袍的特点。汉服承载了汉族的染织、绣等杰出工艺和美学，包括衣裳、首服、髮式、面饰、鞋履、配饰等一套完备的冠服体系，可分为礼服和常服。汉服对整个东方世界产生了巨大影响，如日本和服、韩国韩服等均具有或借鉴汉服的特征。

Traditional clothing worn by the Han ethnic group, also known as "huaxia yiguan" or "huafu." It is a unique form of ethnic clothing popular from the time of the legendary Yellow Emperor around 5,000 years ago to the middle of the 17th century (the late Ming and early Qing dynasties). The basic design of hanfu was developed during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC). Early hanfu consisted of a yi—a tunic tied with a sash-and an ankle-length skirt called a chang.The collar of the yi was crossed and tied to the right. However, the styles evolved through the ages.During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), the shenyi (a deep robe) was invented, which was a combination of a tunic and a skirt. A person's social status was reflected by more adornments, wider sleeves, and long gowns which indicated a higher social rank. Production of Han clothing required craftsmanship and skills in dyeing, weaving, and embroidery. A complete Han clothing set consisted of headwear, facial adornments, upper and lower garments, shoes, and more, and could be divided into formal and informal wear.It had a tremendous impact on East Asian culture as a whole. For example, Japanese kimonos and Korean handboks both incorporate Han clothing features.

唐装（Tang suit)

原指唐制汉服，现在流行的唐装是由清末的旗袍马褂演变而来，其款式结构有四大特点：立领、连袖、对襟和盘扣。传统唐装常以红、黄、绿、蓝为主色调。唐装多使用织锦缎面料，图案取材于中国文化中的吉祥物，如万寿花团、牡丹花、龙、凤等，象征吉祥长寿、龙凤呈祥。如今，唐装在吸收中国传统服饰独特文化韵味的基础上推陈出新，不断在世界时尚舞台展露中国特色。

Originally referring to the style of hanfu particularly popular during the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The "Tang suit" people wear today evolved from the mandarin jacket of the late Qing Dynasty (1616-1911). It has four main features, namely, a straight collar, set-in sleeves, a front opening, and coiled buttons. Traditional "Tang suits" are often red, yellow, green, and blue. They are usually made of brocade fabrics, and the motifs mainly come from symbolic images of traditional culture such as longevity flowers, peony flowers, and dragons and phoenixes. These images symbolize good luck, long life, and good fortune. Today, "Tang suits" represent the unique cultural features of traditional Chinese attire and showcase Chinese characteristics on the global fashion stage.

enyi (a deep robe) was invented, which was a combination of a tunic and a skirt. A person's social status was reflected by more adornments, wider sleeves, and long gowns which indicated a higher social rank. Production of Han clothing required craftsmanship and skills in dyeing, weaving, and embroidery. A complete Han clothing set consisted of headwear, facial adornments, upper and lower garments, shoes, and more, and could be divided into formal and informal wear.It had a tremendous impact on East Asian culture as a whole. For example, Japanese kimonos and Korean handboks both incorporate Han clothing features. Today as traditional Chinese culture grows in appeal, Han clothing, improved and modified with modern elements, enjoys increasing popularity.

坎肩（sleeveless jacket)

中国无袖短上衣，盛行于清朝，有对襟、琵琶襟、大襟、一字襟和人字襟等式样，多无领。清初，坎肩窄小，一般穿在袍子里边，晚清开始将其穿于袍、衫之外，男女皆可穿着。坎肩面料多样，有棉坎肩、皮坎肩等以适应不同温度，保护肩部。清朝时还流行一种“巴图音（满语勇士）坎肩”，四周镶边，在正胸钉一横排十三粒钮扣，俗称“一字襟”或“十三太保”，最初仅内阁要员可穿着，又称“军机坎”，后扩展至普通人。

A Chinese sleeveless jacket that was popular in the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911). This collarless jacket came in a variety of styles such as front-opening, right-side opening, and a horizontal opening above the chest. In the early Qing Dynasty these sleeveless jackets were tight, small, and worn inside one's robes, but beginning in the late Qing Dynasty both men and women began wearing them over their robes or gowns. These sleeveless jackets were available in a variety of fabrics such as cotton and leather that adapt to different temperatures and protect the shoulders. There was also a kind of Batulu (meaning "warriors" in Manchurian) sleeveless jacket prevalent in the Qing Dynasty.These had selvages that extended all around the attire and a horizontal row of thirteen buttons on the chest, giving rise to common names such as "yizijin," "shisan taibao," or "junjikan." It was initially worn exclusively by key imperial court officials, but later common people began wearing them too. 

中山装（Chinese tunic suit)

一种由孙中山先生在广泛吸收欧美服饰的基础上，综合中式服装特点而设计、提倡而得名的服装。上衣领子外翻，左右各有两个带盖子和扣子的明兜；下身是西式男裤。中山装具有中华民族的特点，曾一度被世界公认为中华人民共和国的“国服”。中山装作为中国人一度推崇的常式礼服，也承载着一种文化和礼仪，一份民族自尊和自豪感。

A suit designed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), who founded the Republic of China (1912-1949). This new suit combined the strengths of Western- and Chinese- style modern clothes. It features a classic collar and two patch pockets with a cover and a button on each side. It is often matched with Western-style trousers. The Chinese tunic suit became a symbol of the new Chinese nation. It was once recognized as the national clothing of the People's Republic of China. Often worn during official ceremonies, the suit represents Chinese culture, etiquette as well as national pride and self-respect.

旗袍（cheongsam)

原是清朝满族旗人妇女的服装，随着满族和汉族之间的融合逐渐增强，到了20世纪20年代初，汉族妇女也开始穿旗袍。旗袍直领，右开襟，上下呈直线，后来样式不断改进，款式变多，成为中国妇女的传统服式和中国文化的标志之一。2011年5月23日，旗袍手工制作工艺成为中国国务院批准公布的第三批国家级非物质文化遗产之一。

A traditional dress that was originally worn by Manchu women during the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911). It became popular among Han women in the 1920s as a result of growing mutual influence between Manchu and Han ethnic groups. It entails a stand-up collar with buttons down the right side. Over the years it has seen many stylistic changes, but it gradually became the traditional dress worn by Chinese women and was later regarded as one of the cultural symbols of China. On May 23, 2011, the craftsmanship of qipao was included on China's National Intangible Cultural Heritage List.#传统文化##双语##绘画##国画#