#每日论语# 《论语·尧曰篇》第二章译读 
【原文】子张问于孔子曰：“何如斯可以从政矣？”子曰：“尊五美，屏四恶，斯可以从政矣。”子张曰：“何谓五美？”子曰：“君子惠而不费，劳而不怨，欲而不贪，泰而不骄，威而不猛。”子张曰：“何谓惠而不费？”子曰：“因民之所利而利之，斯不亦惠而不费乎？择可劳而劳之，又谁怨？欲仁而得仁，又焉贪？君子无众寡，无小大，无敢慢，斯不亦泰而不骄乎？君子正其衣冠，尊其瞻视，俨然人望而畏之，斯不亦威而不猛乎？”子张曰：“何谓四恶？”子曰：“不教而杀谓之虐；不戒视成谓之暴；慢令致期谓之贼；犹之与人也，出纳之吝，谓之有司。”
【译文】子张问孔子说：“如何才可以治理好国政呢？”
孔子说：“要崇尚五种美德，摒弃四种恶政，就可以治理好国政了。”
子张说：“什么是五种美德？”
孔子说：“君子从政，使民众得到恩惠而不耗费财力；使百姓劳动而不被怨恨；有正当的欲求而不贪婪；泰然自处而不骄傲;庄严威仪而不凶猛。”
子张说：“什么是使民众得到恩惠而不耗费财力？”
孔子说：“向着对民众有好处的地方去做，这不就是使民众得到恩惠而不耗费财力吗？选择能使民众可劳动的时机、人力和情况让他们劳动，谁又会有怨言呢？自己想要行仁政就行仁政，还贪求什么呢？君子无论人多还是人少，不管大事还是小事，从不怠慢，这不就是泰然自处而不骄傲吗？君子衣冠整洁，目不斜视，庄严得让人望而生畏，这不就是庄严威仪而不凶猛吗？”
子张说：“什么是四种恶政呢？”
孔子说：“不经教化，犯了罪而直接杀掉，叫作酷虐；事先不告诫，突然要成绩而其治罪，叫作粗暴；下命令时起先怠慢，然后突然限期，叫作贼害；同是给人财物，但又出手吝啬，叫作小家子气的官吏。”
【英文】Zizhang asked the Master,"What should be done to ensure good governance?"The Master replied,"Good governance can be ensured if the five virtues are respected and the four forms of bad government are avoided."
Zizhang further asked,"What are these five virtues?"The Master said,"The person in power blesses the people with happiness and prosperity without lavish spending;he makes them work without their resentment;he focuses on pursuing the virtuous and the righteous without any interest in personal gain;he is dignified without appearing arrogant;and he is imposing without sounding intimidating."
Again,Zizhang asked,"What do you mean by 'blessing the people with happiness and prosperity without lavish spending?'"The Master replied,"Encouraging the people to engage in doing whatever would benefit themselves,is this not 'blessing the people with happiness and prosperity without lavish spending?' No people would be resentful if they are allowed to do what they are able to do under conducive conditions,would they? One would not be avaricious if he attains virtue when pursuing it,would he?He remains respectful to all people,be they many or few in number,and to all things,be they great or small.Is this not 'being dignified without appearing arrogant?'He keeps a stately bearing and is thus awe-inspiring.Is this not 'being imposing without sounding intimidating?'"
Zizhang further inquired,"What do you mean by the four forms of bad government?"The Master said,"To have people executed without having them educated first,is this not an appalling act of abuse?To require success from people without providing instruction and admonition first,is this not a despotic act of executive power?To issue administrative orders in a dilatory manner,yet suddenly demand an urgent deadline,is this not underhanded?To promise people with rewards and remuneration,yet implements it halfheartedly,is this not stingy and ignoble?"
中文诵读：吴峰；英文诵读：何圆
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