【大理石十诫铭文石板】

罗马帝国晚期至拜占庭时期（约公元300—800年）白色大理石铭文石板，又称亚夫内石板（Yavne Tablet）。石板近方形，正面凿刻铭文二十行，自右向左书写，以古希伯来字体刻写的撒玛利亚希伯来文铭文。每行十一至十五字，字宽1至2厘米，词与词之间以一或两个圆点分隔，铭文两侧各留约10厘米空白边。刻痕内残留红褐色颜料。据图录，个别字母形近混刻（如 ה 与 א），首两行右侧少数字符磨损后重刻。据图录，此为现存最早的十诫铭文石板，亦为该时期唯一完整实例。

此器高63.2厘米，宽56.2厘米，厚6.2厘米，重约52千克。

来源：
1913年，于以色列沿海平原亚夫内（Yavne）城附近铁路铺设工程的挖掘中被发现。
1913—1943年，由发现者（参与铁路施工的当地人）携回家中，用作庭院铺路石。
1943年，石板传至发现者之子，铭文获辨识，售予以色列学者 Jacob Kaplan。
1995年，由 Kaplan 后人售予以色列古董商 Robert Deutsch。
2005年，售予 Rabbi Saul Deutsch（与上述古董商无亲缘关系），纽约布鲁克林 Living Torah Museum 创办人兼馆长。
2016年，由 Living Torah Museum 退出馆藏，由犹太文物收藏家 Dr. Mitchell Stuart Cappell 购得。
以色列文物局（Israeli Antiquities Authority）已出具出口许可证，同意该石板由公共机构或私人持有。

著录：
Robert T. Anderson, "Samaritans," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman, 5:940–47 (New York: Doubleday, 1992)
John Bowman and Shmaryahu Talmon, "Samaritan Decalogue Inscriptions," in Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 33, no. 2 (March 1951): 211–36
Raymond F. Collins, "Ten Commandments," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman, 6:383–87 (New York: Doubleday, 1992)
Ferdinand Dexinger, "Das Garizimgebot im Dekalog der Samaritaner," in Studien zum Pentateuch: Walter Kornfeld zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. Georg Braulik, pp. 111–34 (Vienna: Herder, 1977)
Neil Godfrey, "The Samaritan Tenth Commandment," blog post, 9 May 2024, on Vridar (vridar.org)
Gershon Hepner, "The Samaritan Version of the Tenth Commandment," in Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 20, no. 1 (May 2006): 147–52
Jacob Kaplan, "A Samaritan Synagogue Inscription from Yavneh," Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society 13 (3–4) 1947, 165–66 (Hebrew)
Yitzchak Ben-Zvi, "Notes on the Foregoing Inscription," Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society 13 (3–4) 1947, pp. 166–68 (Hebrew)
Bradley J. Marsh, Jr., Early Christian Scripture and the Samaritan Pentateuch: A Study in Hexaplaric Manuscript Activity (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2024)
William H. C. Propp, trans. & commentary, The Anchor Bible: Exodus 19–40 (New York: Doubleday, 2006)
H. H. Spoer, "Notes on Some New Samaritan Inscriptions," Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 30 (1908): 284–91
John Strugnell, "Quelques Inscriptions Samaritaines," Revue Biblique 74, no. 4 (1967): 555–80
W. R. Taylor, "A New Samaritan Inscription," in Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 81 (February 1941): 1–6
Benyamim Tsedaka, ed. & trans., The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2013)
Bruce K. Waltke, "Samaritan Pentateuch," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman, 5:932–40 (New York: Doubleday, 1992)
Moshe Weinfeld, trans. & commentary, The Anchor Bible: Deuteronomy 1–11 (New York: Doubleday, 1991)

拍卖：
2024年12月11日至18日，纽约，Sotheby's《The Ten Commandments》专场，拍卖编号N11637，lot 1，估价USD 1,000,000–2,000,000，成交价USD 5,040,000

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