既然这样，那咱就支个教吧，刚好国际乒联HMO文件里关于擦边球和能否改判的内容在文档里是连着的，方便咱一起教了哈。文字版和图片版都发出来了，请中国乒协@乒乓世界TTW 转给你们不懂英文的运动员学习一下呗。啥，不知道HMO是什么吗？ ITTF Handbook for Match Officials——《国际乒联竞赛官员手册》
12.2 Edge Balls 擦边球
12.2.1
It is necessary to decide whether a ball that touches the edge of the table makes contact on or below the playing surface, and the path of the ball before and after it touches the table can help the umpire or assistant umpire to arrive at the correct decision. If the ball first passed over the playing surface the return is good, but if it touched while it is still rising from below the level of the playing surface it almost certainly touched the side.
需判定球在触及球台边缘时是接触在比赛台面还是球台侧面。球触台前后的飞行轨迹，可协助主裁判或副裁判做出正确判罚。若球是先越过比赛台面后触台，则击球有效；若球在低于比赛台面高度向上反弹的过程中触台，则几乎可以肯定触及的是球台侧面。
12.2.2
The main difficulty arises when a ball arrives from outside, and above the level of, the playing surface, and here the best guide is the direction of the ball after contact with the table. There is no infallible guide but, if, after touching the edge, the ball travels upwards, it is reasonable to assume that it touched the playing surface but, if it continues downwards, it is more likely to have touched the side.
主要难点在于球从球台台面外侧、且高于台面高度的区域飞来的情况，此时最可靠的判断依据是球触台之后的运行方向。虽然没有绝对准确的判断方法，但如果球触边后向上飞行，可合理认定其接触的是球台台面；若触边后继续向下飞行，则更可能接触的是球台侧边。
12.2.3
The assistant umpire is solely responsible for edge ball decisions at the side of the table nearest to him or her. If he or she believes that the ball touched the side he or she should call "side", and the umpire must award a point to the opponent(s) of the last striker. Only the umpire can decide on edge balls at the ends and at the side nearest to him or her.
副裁判对其就近一侧球台的擦边球拥有专属判罚权。若副裁判判定球接触的是球台侧边，需喊出“Side（侧边）”，主裁判随即判最后击球方的对手得分。仅主裁判有权对球台两端及其自身就近一侧球台的擦边球做出判罚。
12.3 Doubt 判罚存疑
12.3.1
An umpire who is certain that he or she has made a correct decision should not change it simply because the players think he or she is wrong, but he or she may appear officious if he or she insists on maintaining a decision with which both players or pairs strongly disagree.There is also a risk that the player who benefited from the decision may then deliberately fail to make a good service or retun, and this will diminish the umpire's authority.
主裁判若确信自己的判定正确，就不应仅因运动员认为判罚有误而改判；但如果双方运动员或双方组合都强烈反对该判定的情况下，主裁判仍坚持原判可能显得有些不近人情。此外，受益于该判罚的运动员有可能会故意发球失误或回球失误，这将会削弱主裁判的执裁权威。
12.3.2
A decision should never be reconsidered solely at the request of the player who would benefit from a change, even if his or her opponent offers no objection, and a request for reconsideration should be ignored once another rally has started. Exceptionally, where both players or pairs are sure that a decision is wrong and the umpire can accept that he or she may have been mistaken, he or she would be wise to accept the correction.
不得仅因改判受益方运动员单方提出请求就对判罚进行重新判定，即便对方运动员未提出异议亦不例外。一旦下一回合比赛开始，任何重新审议判罚的请求均应不予受理。
特殊例外：若双方运动员或双方组合选手均确认判罚存在错误，且裁判员也认为自身可能出现误判，则应接受纠正。
12.3.3
When there is a genuine doubt in the mind of the umpire, he or she should give the benefit of the doubt to the player who may have committed an offence, provided he or she is certain that an opponent has not been adversely affected. If, however, there is a risk that a player's attention has been distracted during the play because he or she too suspected that his or her opponent infringed a law or regulation but was not penalised, the rally should be declared a let.
若主裁判确实存有疑问，在确信不会对对方运动员造成不利影响的前提下，应将疑点利益归于可能违规的运动员。不过，如果在回合进行中，运动员因怀疑对手违反了某项竞赛规则却未被判罚，而导致注意力受到干扰，应判该分重打。
